How Probiotics Affect Dental Health

Dental health is an important aspect of overall health, and maintaining good dental hygiene is crucial to prevent various dental diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. However, recent research suggests that probiotics may also play a role in promoting dental health. In this blog post, well explore the effects of probiotics on dental health and examine the scientific evidence behind these claims.

What are Probiotics?

Probiotics are living microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeasts, that can provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. They are commonly found in fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, as well as in dietary supplements.

Probiotics can improve the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, which can have a positive impact on digestive health. However, recent research suggests that probiotics may also have beneficial effects on dental health.

The Effects of Probiotics on Dental Health

Probiotics have been shown to have several positive effects on dental health, including:

Reducing the Risk of Dental Caries:

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a common dental disease that occurs when the bacteria in the mouth produce acid that erodes the enamel of the teeth. Several studies have shown that probiotics, particularly Streptococcus salivarius, can reduce the risk of dental caries by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in the mouth and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.

One study conducted in 2016 found that children who consumed probiotic milk had a lower prevalence of dental caries than those who did not consume probiotics. Another study conducted in 2019 found that consuming probiotic lozenges containing Streptococcus salivarius reduced the number of caries lesions in the mouth.

Preventing and Treating Gingivitis:

Gingivitis is a common dental disease that occurs when the gums become inflamed due to the buildup of plaque on the teeth. Probiotics can help prevent and treat gingivitis by reducing the amount of harmful bacteria in the mouth and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.

One study conducted in 2015 found that consuming probiotic lozenges containing Lactobacillus reuteri reduced the severity of gingivitis in participants. Another study conducted in 2019 found that using a mouthwash containing Lactobacillus reuteri reduced the levels of harmful bacteria in the mouth and improved gum health.

Promoting Healing After Periodontal Treatment:

Periodontitis is a more severe form of gum disease that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Probiotics may help promote healing after periodontal treatment by reducing inflammation and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.

One study conducted in 2019 found that consuming probiotic lozenges containing Streptococcus salivarius after periodontal treatment reduced inflammation and improved gum health. Another study conducted in 2020 found that using a mouthwash containing Lactobacillus reuteri after periodontal treatment reduced the risk of developing recurrent periodontitis.

Scientific Evidence Supporting the Use of Probiotics for Dental Health

Several scientific studies have examined the effects of probiotics on dental health, and the results are promising. For example, a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials published in 2019 found that probiotics significantly reduced the risk of dental caries and gingivitis.

Another systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials published in 2020 found that probiotics significantly reduced the levels of harmful bacteria in the mouth and improved gum health.

A third systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials published in 2021 found that probiotics significantly improved the clinical outcomes of periodontal treatment, including reducing inflammation and promoting healing.

Conclusion

Probiotics have emerged as a promising approach to promoting dental health. They have been shown to have several positive effects on dental health, including reducing the risk of dental caries, preventing and treating gingivitis, and promoting healing after periodontal treatment. While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind these effects and to determine the optimal probiotic strains and dosages for dental health, the available scientific evidence suggests that probiotics can be a useful tool in promoting dental health.

References:

Zhang Q, Wu Y, Fei X, et al. Probiotics in preventing dental caries among children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Dent. 2019;88:103165.

Teughels W, Durukan A, Ozcelik O, Pauwels M, Quirynen M, Haytac MC. Clinical and microbiological effects of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotics in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(11):1025-1035.

Huang R, Li M, Gregory RL. Bacterial interactions in dental biofilm. Virulence. 2011;2(5):435-444.

Gómez A, Espinosa E, González-Medina A, et al. Effects of probiotic supplements on periodontal microbiota: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(3):857-871.

Twetman S, Keller MK. Probiotics for caries prevention and control. Adv Dent Res. 2012;24(2):98-102.